Thursday, October 2, 2008

The Improved Count Tool in Photoshop CS4 Extended

Photoshop CS4 Extended Improved Count Tool

By Eric Wexler

The count tool in Photoshop CS4 Extended has been improved since its introduction in CS3.  One can create differing sets of counts, turn visibility on and off selectively and most importantly can save the counts with the image. These changes give the user doing manual counting more power and the ability to track multiple sets in a single image. In addition options for the size of both the marker and text can be controlled within a permissible range. 

The count tool is located with the eyedropper tool which has been moved to the top forth of the tools bar.  This gives the new 3d tools room at the bottom portion of the tool bar.  The count tool is also available under the analysis menu item like it was in CS3 Extended.   


The option bar give you access to the count tools new abilities. Instead of the dearth of control that was CS3’s count tool, you have a multitude of controls.  From left to right first is the tool preset control but this is of no use because at the time then user is unable to define presets for the count tool.  I hope in the future that this is turned on because of the ability to create count tool conditions and apply them on different image sets repeatable and easily.

Next is the running total that displays the sum of all the counts and the current selected count group in parenthesis.  The next set of controls gives you control over the counting groups.  The pull down selects which group is active and gives the option to rename the groups so you can label it properly. To the right are the four control buttons. The eye turns visibility on and off for the selected group, the folder creates a new count group.  The trash can deletes the selected group then the clear button removes all counts of the current group without deleting the group itself.

The last part of the option bar controls the display of the labels.  The ability to selects any color from the color picker, an ability to control the size of the count mark from an arbitrary 1 to 10, and the font size of the number from 8 to 72.

With these new features the many more workflows are available to use the count tool. One such workflow I will cover is the count and tracking of three sets of cell types in a photomicrograph. The image is a tissue section from a cancer tumor. 

 



It has been stained using immunohistochemistry. This particular method stains the nuclei of the cells brown if the cell has divided, the blue stained nuclei mark the other cells.  The third identifiable cell type displays a mitotic body.
 Previously the count tool could only track a single set of items and the workflow would be inefficient.  But with the ability to create multiple sets within a single image we can count and label the three types of cells and then save the image with those labels intact.

With the image open select the count tool  under the eyedropper/sampling tool.  To active the options at least one count label must be conducted.  Once a count has occurred the option become active and you can create the count groups needed by clicking on the folder.  This gives a dialogue box to name the group.  Just repeat to add more label groups.  All the groups will be displayed in the pull down menu with the first group that still has the generic name.  The active group will have a check on its left when activated. Now use the rename command to change the name of the generic group to something more suitable.

Now with the groups created and labeled we can start counting in the image and select a color and size to increase visibility of the marker. The actual display of the counts are tool based and don’t reside on any particular image layer. The advantage is that the image layer can be modified or replaced without changing the label display.  The downside is that there is a minimum of control to the numbers.  You can’t create layer styles or do any other layer manipulation that you want to like changing opacity. 

To make the most of what you can each label group can have different colors, marker size and font size. This helps discriminate between the sets and make it easier see the results.  There are some built in tricks to help label.  On a dark background the tool will be white and on a bright background the tool will be black. The mark will be placed on the cross hair position.

Additional counts will be added to whichever count group is active.  After all items are counted and labeled the data can be put into the measurement log and the labels can be saved with the image. Only the total sum of all the sets count the count In fact an image can be reopened and counting can continue.  Other imaging program won’t see the count tool results but as long as the image is within Photoshop CS4 extended you are ok

 

An issue with the count tool  is that the labels once positioned can’t be moved and fall off the viewable area of the image.  If you enlarge the canvas to try to include all visible aspects of the label; the overall position of every count marker moves. To avoid this it is important to enlarge the canvas prior to performing the count.  Another thing to be aware of is the labels are included in the histogram so remember to turn of visibility before collecting histogram data.

Additional workflows are possible with the new count tool abilities. The changes make it easier to conduct manual counts and relay o n a single image to multiple sets of items in a single image. Good luck and best wishes in using the count tool to get your work done.

 

Count tool issues to be aware off

Measurement log doesn't track label group results

Resizing canvas moves position of labels

Count labels are including in histogram data

Can turn on/off layer visibility to leave only the markers visible

Labels visibility would be nice to have on/off all at once

If the file type comes in via Adobe Camera Raw the count labels are lost

This article is based on prerelease version of Photoshop CS4 Extended and things may changed. For other researchers consider the information as a starting point to understand the features and how it may be used. Any workflow or procedure for your own use should be validated prior to data collection.

Eric J.Wexler is a research scientist with a focus on drug discovery. During his twenty-year career in the pharmaceutical industry he developed and validated imaging methods supporting his own research as well as work for other scientists in the fields of cardiovascular disease, oncology, stroke, and medical imaging. He is a member of Adobe’s Biomedical Image Advisory Group. His training Photoshop CS3 Extended for Biomedical Research can be viewed at www.lynda.com.

Any comments or suggestions are welcome.

ericjwexler(Atsymbol)yahoo.com

Tuesday, September 9, 2008

Free Workshop - Pepperell Library, September 18th

Fix ur Pix with Six - Adobe Photoshop Elements 6.0

Come see a live demonstration using Adobe® Photoshop Elements 6.0 to fix examples of common problems in digital images. I will demonstrate workflows that include correcting exposure, color cast, red eye and poor composition. RAW file format pictures will be adjusted using the Adobe Camera Raw module in the low priced consumer version of Photoshop, Elements version 6. If you own a digital camera or work with digital images this is an opportunity you don’t want to miss.

Make your pictures even better than what you remember.

Level – Basic to intermediate
Prerequisites – Know how to use your computer.
When – September 18th, 2008, 7PM
Where – Lawrence Library, Pepperell, MA
Cost – Free

Eric Wexler is the author of the lynda.com titles Photoshop CS3 Extended for Biomedical Research and Photoshop CS3 Extended Research Methods and Workflows. He has written multiple articles for Photoshop User Magazine and has conducted workshops across the country, including Photoshop World 2007 Las Vegas. He is currently on Adobe’s Biomedical Image Advisory Group and is the author of “Optimum strategies for using Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended in biomedical imaging” found on Adobe’s Medical Professionals webpage.

Friday, August 15, 2008

Optimal Strategies for Using Photoshop in Biomedical Imaging

NEW Optimum strategies for using Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended in biomedical imaging (PDF, 2.6M)
I have just added to my site the link to the White Paper I wrote for Peachpit and Adobe.  It can be downloaded from the Medical Professionals Page or clicking on the link above.

Monday, May 19, 2008

DICOM: A Healthy Image File Format

In January of 2008 I was able to introduce one of Photoshop CS3 Extended's most important features and how to use it.  Of course I am talking about Photoshop's new native ability to open and work with DICOM files. With this feature built-in Radiologists and others who work with medical images can apply almost any Photoshop feature to modify the images for presentations, education and communication. 

To read the full article, courtesy of Photoshop User Magazine, click here


Tuesday, May 13, 2008

Measuring Using More than Just Pixels

A readable copy of my Photoshop User Magazine article has been added to my website ericwexler.com

This article published October 07, is provided courtesy of Photoshop User Magazine (www.photoshopuser.com).

It covers how to set a calibration standard in the new analysis feature of Photoshop® CS3 Extended.  This is useful for gathering quantitative data from images acquired using microscopes, medical imaging equipment , and other devices. 

Click here to read the article. 

Tuesday, May 6, 2008

Clinical and Research use of Photoshop CS3 Extended

My article "Photoshop CS3 Extended Tools will help save lives" was published in the September Issue of Photoshop User Magazine.  This is the first entry in the new column Photoshop CS3 for Research.  

I introduce some general uses of Photoshop in microscopy and other research examples including soft agar colony analysis, medial cerebral artery occlusion mode, and DICOM importations.

The content is provided courtesy of Photoshop User magazine (www.photoshopuser.com)
To read the article click here.


Friday, May 2, 2008

From Photoshop User magazine - CS3 Analysis Overview

I recently got permission to post my articles published in Photoshop® User Magazine. This is my first article for NAPP found in the special Summer Issue on Photoshop CS3. I hope you enjoy it. It goes over the  analysis features added to Photoshop CS3 Extended. 

The content is provided courtesy of Photoshop User magazine (www.photoshopuser.com)
Clicking here will take you to a readable version of the article.

Tuesday, February 12, 2008

Available - Photoshop CS3 Extended for Biomedical Research Training DVD

Now you can have Photoshop CS3 Extended training dedicated to helping biomedical researchers.

After two decades of working in drug discovery this is the training I needed to do my job better. Many years ago I looked for a title that would help me conduct research and apply Photoshop better. Almost none of the training available was developed by fellow researchers. So I created something that helped me and can help you understand imaging basics, learn Photoshop CS3 Extended capabilities, and see actual workflows.

To view this valuable training you can either subscribe to lynda.com. This will give you access not only to my title but titles from well over 100 other authors covering software, graphics, design and a multitude of other subjects. Starting at $25 a month it is a bargain for on demand training. Or you can simply purchase my training DVD.

The direct link to purchase the Photoshop CS3 Extended for Biomedical Research DVD is http://www.lynda.com/store/ProductInfo.aspx?productid=680

Photoshop is software that helps researchers get the most out of their images. Whether using it in conducting research, creating presentations or aiding communication we all can learn to wield this tool better.

I hope I have helped fellow biomedical scientists by creating and sharing this work.

Take care

Eric

Saturday, January 26, 2008

Lynda.com launches my Photoshop title




On January 25th Lynda.com launched my training course, Photoshop CS3 Extended for Biomedical Research. I go into detail how Photoshop CS3 Extended can be used in Biomedical Research. This is based on over fifteen years of drug discovery experience including the creation and managing of a digital darkroom for DuPont Merck and later Dupont Pharmaceuticals.

I cover how to use Photoshop CS3's selection, analysis, and editing tools to evaluate an image's color composition, modify images for research, optimize exposure with levels and curves, transform images with layers, and compensate for acquisition problems and limitations. I also explain how to add reference information to images, annotate and optimize DICOM animations, and share finished images with colleagues. If you are a Lynda.com premium subscriber you have access to exercise files that accompany the tutorials.

I hope that I can help fellow researchers use Photoshop to help them in their studies and demonstrate how it can be a useful tool at their disposal.

Friday, January 11, 2008

The Drobo saved my "life"


Most of us keep a substantial amount of our life on our computers. Current work, personal information, contacts, bookmarks, and the detritus that make up a modern life reside as ones and zeros in a magnetic state in a box nearby.

Now there are only two types of computers in this world. The first group are the computers that are broken and don't work. The second group are the computers that will break and won't work, usually at the worst possible time.

Because this is the way of all things, having a current backup of your hard drive is essential to "life" or at least a good nights sleep.

My Drobo has become a part of good data management. I conduct regular full HD backups using Superduper to backup my entire hard drive once a month (data once a week). With the 1.3 TB of hard drive space (2 x 750GB, 300GB, and 400GB Drives) I can have everything in a one place. When my Macbook Pro went down between Xmas and New Year's I was able to attach my Drobo to my 7 year old G4 install some applications and continue to work.

My G4 is not as stable as my MBP was. It crashes/freezes about every other day but my Drobo has kept my data protected.

My MBP has been at the Apple repair facility since 12/28/07 repairs on hold waiting for a part. Until it get sent back my G4 and Drobo are managing fine if not quickly.

Tuesday, January 1, 2008

My 2007 - A Good Start

As we start the new year it is always good practice to review the last. As I transitioned from Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging to independent consulting I can share my accomplishments that set the foundation for 2008. Below is the summary of some of my work that I would not have been able to accomplish without the help of many individuals that have given me opportunity and support.

Just to name few are:

Dr. Joseph Bailey for DICOM training, moral support, and a great friendship.

Pamela Pfiffner for the patience, direction and training materials.

Dr. Simon Robinson for honest feedback, supervision and continued support.

Chris Mattia for the help and direction in the taping of my Lynda.com titles.

Folks at Adobe for the chance give input and training to others on the use of Photoshop by Biomedical Professionals

NAPP staff for the support and training as well as the opportunity to conduct training at Photoshop World and in Photoshop User magazine.

My wonderful wife whose support, proofing, and editing of my work has improved the quality of my material and has made it possible to start doing training and consulting.



2007 Accomplishments


1) Member of Adobe’s Biomedical Image Advisory Group
September 2006 - Present
http://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/photoshopextended/medical/pdfs

2) eSeminar for Adobe – August 14, 2007
Currently available on Adobe’s onDemand webpage – Photoshop CS3 Extended for Scientific_08_14
Photoshop CS3 Extended for Science and Medical Imaging
Tuesday, August 14th, 2007 9:00 A.M. PDT. 12:00 P.M. EDT
In this seminar, we will demonstrate new selection, measurement, and analysis tools that let you quickly extract and export a wide array of quantitative data from microscopic and radiological images, including native support for DICOM images.

3) Adobe Success Story - Seeing inside
Download at http://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/photoshopextended/science/pdfs/ericwexler_fnl_04242007.pdf

4) Photoshop Testimonial Video
View at
http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/photoshopextended/medical/

5) White Paper - Photoshop: The Standard for Physicians and Biomedical Imaging Professionals
Download at
http://wwwimages.adobe.com/www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/photoshopextended/medical/pdfs/ps_biomed_wp.pdf

6) Photoshop World Boston – Birds of a Feather - Use of Photoshop Extended in Science and Medicine, April 4, 2007
Birds of a Feather Meeting – Medical & Scientific Research Professionals 
April 4, 5:00 – 7:00 pm 

Hosted by Adobe – Open to Conference Attendees and Medical Professionals and Research Professionals 
Attend this session to see the newest features in Photoshop CS3 and Photoshop CS3 Extended developed specifically for customers who use Photoshop for image analysis, visualization and communication. You'll get to meet the team from Adobe that is charged with developing new features for the medical and research communities and hear from some leading customers in the field and how they use Photoshop in their work.

 Attendees will be eligible to win Photoshop CS3 plus other great prizes.

 Special Guests: Stephen R. Snow, DDS - with Snow Dental Care & Cosmetic Dentistry; Eric Wexler, MBA - Research Scientist with Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging; Joseph M. Bailey, MD - Montgomery Radiology Associates; and Robert Hurt – Visualization Scientist – Spitzer Science Center.
Track: Special Event — Room: 207 in the Convention Center


7) Photoshop World Las Vegas Workshop
a)Contributed Workbook Chapter - Using Photoshop Extended in Science & Research
b)Conducted Workshop -Using Photoshop Extended in Science & Research
with Eric Wexler 10:45a-11:45a September 6, 2007
Eric will demonstrate the uses of Photoshop Extended in the areas of Biology/Microscopy. He will get into the details on measurement, image analysis, as well as image correction/enhancement for presentations and publications. Additionally, Eric will go over the do's and don'ts of image manipulation for medicine: Instructor: Eric Wexler 
Track: Photoshop® CS3 Extended - Special Interest Track

8) Created Adobe Marketing Material – Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended for Medical Research
Handout presenting top features of Photoshop CS3 for Biomedical Research

9) Magazine Article – New Analysis Tools
Photoshop User - June 2007 Photoshop CS3 Supplement, pp044-046.

10) Magazine Article – Photoshop CS3 Extended Tools Will Help Save Lives Photoshop User – September 2007, pp074-075

11) Poster – MMP-Activated Pro-Drugs for Imaging Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque. Identification of High Activity MMP Substrates and a Potential Metabolic Trapping Mechanism
Poster Coauthor at Joint Molecular Imaging Conference, Providence, Rhode Island, 2007

MMP-Activated Pro-Drugs for Imaging Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque. Identification of High Activity MMP Substrates and a Potential Metabolic Trapping Mechanism
Category: Imaging in Cardiovascular Disease
Presentation Time: Thursday, 6:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m.
Thomas Harris, Richard Cesati, Carol Hu, Gregory Dwyer, Reinaldo Jones, Michael Azure, Roushan Afroze, Fran Su, Padmaja Yalamanchili, David Onthank, Eric Wexler, Debra Sousa, Mania Kavosi, Megan Hayes, Paula Silva, David Casebier, Simon Robinson, Scott Edwards, Jeremy Kintigh, Anila Desai, Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, Billerica, USA. Contact e-mail: thomas.d.harris@bms.com
Presentation Number: 424
Poster Board Number: 230
Coronary plaque rupture is responsible for the majority of fatal acute myocardial infarctions. Current, noninvasive imaging techniques that assess luminal narrowing or calcium content of plaque are poor predictors of plaque vulnerability. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are upregulated in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and recent studies suggest a correlation between the levels of MMPs and plaque vulnerability (J. Clinical Investigation 1994, 94, 2493-503; Circulation 1999, 99, 2503-9; Circulation 2001, 104, 1899-1904). While radiolabeled MMP inhibitors have been evaluated as plaque imaging agents in preclinical models (Circulation, 2004, 109, 107-112), our own results suggest that MMP levels in plaque deposits from human coronary arteries are too low to provide reliable data using radiolabeled MMP inhibitors.
We present here the initial results of our efforts to develop MMP-activated pro-drugs for the imaging of tissues having elevated levels of MMPs. The pro-drugs consist of MMP substrate peptides, a reporter group, and an immobilizing moiety (hydrazide) designed to react with oxidized lipoproteins found in vulnerable plaque. We have identified a number of substrate-reporter conjugates that have high blood stability, low protein binding, and are cleaved efficiently by MMP-2 and MMP-9 (Kcat/Km = 100,000 to 500,000 M-1s-1). Additional digestion by aminopeptidase N generates the hydrazide. Ex vivo studies have shown that 60% of MMP substrate RP806 is cleaved after incubation with rabbit plaque for 15 min at 37 °C. MMP inhibitors block the degradation and uptake of RP806 in rabbit plaque. Bestatin, an inhibitor of aminopeptidase N, also inhibits the binding of RP806 to rabbit plaque. Additionally, in vivo experiments in ApoE mice display preferential uptake of these conjugates in atherosclerotic plaque. This enzymatic amplification of signal has the potential to detect lower levels of MMPs than radiolabeled MMP inhibitors. Details of the synthesis and biological study of these agents will be presented.

12) Magazine Article – Measuring Using More than Just Pixels
Photoshop User – October/November 2007, pp086-087

13) Research Paper – - Mechanism of uptake and retention of 18F BMS-747158-02 in cardiomyocytes: A novel PET myocardial imaging agent
Padmaja Yalamanchili, PhD; Eric Wexler, MBA; Megan Hayes, MS; Ming Yu, MD, PhD; Jody Bozek, BS; Mikhail Kagan, BS; Heike S. Radeke, PhD; Michael Azure, PhD; Ajay Purohit, PhD; David S. Casebier, PhD; Simon P. Robinson, PhD , Journal of Nuclear Cardiology ,Volume 14, Number 6: 782-8 November/December 2007

Abstract
Background: BMS-747158-02, is a novel 18F labeled pyridazinone derivative designed for cardiac imaging. The uptake and retention mechanism of 18F BMS-747158-02 in cardiac myocytes was studied in vitro and the biodistribution of 18F BMS-747158-02 was studied in vivo in mice.
Methods and results: 19F BMS-747158-01 inhibited mitochondrial complex I (MC-1) in bovine heart sub-mitochondrial particles with an IC50 of 16.6±3 nM that was comparable to the reference inhibitors of MC-1, rotenone, pyridaben and deguelin (IC50 = 18.2±6.7 nM, 19.8±2.6 nM and 23.1±1.5 nM respectively). 18F BMS-747158-02 had high uptake in monolayers of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (10.3±0.7 % of incubated drug at 60 minutes) that was inhibited by 200 nM of rotenone (91±2%) and deguelin (89±3%). In contrast an inactive pyridaben analog P 070 (IC50 value of >4 µM in the MC-1 assay) did not inhibit the binding of 18F BMS-747158-02 in cardiomyocytes. Uptake and washout kinetics for 18F BMS-747158-02 in rat cardiomyocytes indicated that the time to half maximal (t½) uptake was very rapid (approximately 35 seconds) and washout t1/2 for efflux of 18F BMS-747158-02 was >120 minutes. In vivo biodistribution studies in mice showed that 18F BMS-747158-02 had sustained myocardial uptake for 60 minutes and the heart to lung and heart to liver ratios were 14.1±2.5 and 8.3±0.5 at 60 minutes.
Conclusion: 18F BMS-747158-02 is a novel PET cardiac tracer targeting the mitochondrial complex I in cardiomyocytes with rapid uptake and slow washout. These characteristics allow fast and sustained accumulation in the heart.


14) Magazine Article – A Healthy File Format – Photoshop CS3 Extended Supports DICOM
Photoshop User - January/February 2008 pp82-83

15) White Paper - Optimum Strategies for Using Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended in Biomedical Imaging – Written for Peachpit on behalf of Adobe

16) Contributor to Presentation – SNAP 2007 Meeting - BMS753951: A Novel Low Molecular Weight Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent Selective For Arterial Wall Imaging

David Onthank, Padmaja Yalamanchili, Richard Cesati, Joel Lazewatsky, Michael Azure, Megan Hayes, Mania Kavosi, Kelly Spencer, Debby Sousa, Eric Wexler, Melanie Lamoy, Thomas Harris, Carol Hu, Reinaldo Jones, Greg Dwyer, David Casebier, Simon Robinson, BMS Medical Imaging, North Billerica,

17) Training Titles for Lynda.com, Dec 2007, currently undergoing editing
1) Using Photoshop CS3 Extended in Biomedical Research (Working title)
2) Photoshop CS3 Extended Biomedical Workflow Examples (Working title)
Will be accessible online at Lynda.com first quarter 2008, possibly on DVD afterwards

In Progress

18) Website – www.ericwexler.com

19) Blog – ericwexler.blogspot.com

20) Book – Use of Photoshop in Biological Research

21) In person workshops – Photoshop for Biological Research – Starts 2008